Microstructure and magnetostrictive performance of NbC-doped<100>oriented Fe-Ga alloys

The<100>oriented Fe83Ga17 alloy rods with various NbC contents less than 1at%were prepared by the directional solidification method at a growth rate of 720 mm?h?1. Low NbC-content was found to affect t...     

Solidification morphology and phase selection in drop-tube processed Ni–Fe–Si intermetallics

Drop-tube processing was used to rapidly solidify droplets of Ni_64.7Fe₁₀Si_25.3 and Ni_59.7Fe₁₅Si_25.3 alloys. In the larger droplets, and therefore at low cooling rates, only two phases, γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si were observed. Conversely, in the smaller droplets, and therefore at higher cooling rates, the metastable phase Ni₂₅Si₉ was also observed. The critical cooling rate for the formation of Ni₂₅Si₉ was estimated as 5 × 10³ K s⁻¹. SEM and TEM analysis reveals three typical microstructures: (I) a regular structure, comprising single-phase γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and a eutectic structure between γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si; (II) a refined lamellar structure with a lamellar spacing <50 nm comprising γ-Ni₃₁Si₁₂ and β₁-Ni₃Si; (III) an anomalous structure with a matrix of Ni₂₅Si₉ and only a very small proportion of a second, and as yet unidentified, phase. These results indicate that there is an extended stability field for Ni₂₅Si₉ in the Ni-rich part of the Ni–Fe–Si ternary system in comparison to the Ni–Si binary system. With an increase of cooling rate, an increasing fraction of small droplets experience high undercoolings and, therefore, can be undercooled into the Ni₂₅Si₉ stability field forming droplets consisting of only the anomalous structure (III). The Fe atoms are found to occupy different substitutional sites in different phase, i.e. Fe substitutes for Ni in the γ phase and Si in the L1₂ (β₁) phase respectively.     

汽轮机运行调节方式优化策略探析

分析了汽轮机的喷嘴调节、节流调节、旁通调节、定压调节和滑压调节等几种基本调节方式的特点,指出现役燃煤火电机组多因调节方式单一而普遍存在着调峰能力不足、负荷响应迟缓以及因长期偏离设计工况致使运行安全经济性下降等诸多问题,提出了通过调节方式的优化组合,采用(节流)定压-滑压-(喷嘴)定压-旁通调节的复合调节方式,以实现煤电机组安全、经济、灵活、快速地参与电网的深度调峰,破解具有强随机波动性的新能源电量规模化并网的困境。     

Promising approaches to improve the performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane

The performances of hybrid non‐isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) materials were improved by using promising approaches. For the ring‐opening reaction of cyclic carbonate with excess amine, methanol was selected as solvent to increase the molar mass of NH₂‐terminated NIPU pre‐polymer but also caused the formation of urea as a result of eliminating hydrogen bonding between NIPU chains. Meanwhile, another approach was carried out to reduce the content of urea by altering the introduction mode of reactants, along with further increasing the molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer. The final hybrid materials were prepared by adding bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether into the pre‐polymer. The results indicated that the introduction of methanol and the change of the introduction mode of reactants could improve the performance of the hybrid materials. The hybrid material derived from the forward method has optimal performance with a tensile strength of 10.8 MPa, elongation at break of 167%, a glass transition temperature of 49.1 °C and a crosslinking density of 450 mol m^?3 as well as presentable thermodynamic stability, ascribed to the high molar mass of the NIPU pre‐polymer, the low urea content and the dense crosslinking network. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于滑模变结构控制的路径跟踪研究

为解决锅炉水冷壁磨损检测机器人的路径跟踪问题,提出了一种基于指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制的机器人路径跟踪方法。在水冷壁磨损检测机器人运动模型的基础上,进行路径跟踪误差分析,设计一种基于指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制器,再利用Lyapunov定理验证其收敛性,最后通过MATLAB软件模拟仿真,仿真结果表明该控制器可以克服误差,使位姿误差收敛至零。     

热力学分析MnS夹杂物析出与控制

 为了深入研究与控制重轨钢中大尺寸MnS夹杂物,针对目前热力学计算MnS析出行为问题,提出在应用时需要根据实际条件做相应的选择进行计算。在比较了目前几个常用的热力学数据后,基于U75V钢中MnS夹杂物形成过程,建立了适合计算MnS夹杂物析出的分段计算方法。研究表明,采用FactSage 6.4商业软件计算MnS析出温度为1 631 K,与平衡热力学参数计算的结果1 694 K相差63 K。该方法可准确预测MnS的析出行为,降低了热力学分析MnS析出的难度。在1 473、1 573 和1 673 K 3个温度下固溶硫质量分数分别为0.000 67%、0.001 67%和0.010 8%。在铸坯轧制之前的开坯和保温温度为1 563 K时,需要将钢中硫质量分数降低到0.001 67%以下,才能有效控制大尺寸的MnS夹杂物。     

When is it reasonable to implement the discontinuous sliding‐mode controllers instead of the continuous ones? Frequency domain criteria

Professor Utkin proposed an example showing that the amplitude of chattering caused by the presence of parasitic dynamics (stable actuators) in some systems governed by the First‐Order Sliding‐Mode Controller is lower than that produced by the Super‐Twisting Algorithm. This example served to motivate this paper reconsidering the problem of comparison of chattering in systems with stable actuators, and driven by Discontinuous Sliding‐Mode Controllers (DSMCs) and Continuous Sliding‐Mode Controllers (CSMCs). Comparison of chattering produced by DSMC and CSMC taking into account their amplitudes, frequencies, and average power (AP) needed to maintain the system into real‐sliding modes, allowing to conclude the following: (i) for systems with slow actuators, the amplitude of oscillations and AP produced by DSMC be smaller than those caused by CSMC; (ii) for bounded disturbances with fixed Lipschitz constant, there exist sufficiently fast actuators for which the amplitude of oscillations and AP produced by CSMC be smaller than those caused by DSMC.     

Refinement of primary carbides in AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel by thin section copper permanent mould casting and water atomization

In this study, as alternative methods to conventional production methods involving thin section copper permanent mould casting (fast solidification) and water atomization (rapid solidification) of AISI DC 53 cold work tool steel have been investigated. Thin slabs obtained by copper mould casting was homogenized at 1150 °C for one hour and then hot rolling was be applied. After hot rolling, conventional heat treatment have been applied to thin slabs. The same heat treatment procedure have been performed for a commercially available AISI DC 53 which is manufactured by thick section ingot casting and rolling. In order to investigate also the effect of rapid solidification on AISI DC 53 tool steel, steel powder was produced by water atomization technique. Experiments have revealed that thin steel slabs in permanent copper mould and rapidly solidified tool steel powder by water atomization have a more refined primary M₇C₃ carbides than commercially available steel.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子的高精度位置控制

在受到陀螺效应、动框架效应等影响后产生的磁力非线性问题是磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG)高速转子位置精度下降的主要因素。为解决以上问题,提高转子位置精度,本文分析了转子所受磁力的特性,建立了转子系统非线性动力学模型,提出了神经网络滑模控制方法。设计滑模控制律,采用径向基函数神经网络逼近控制律中的非线性模型,自适应算法根据误差在线调整神经网络的权值,同时可以保证整个系统的稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出方法的转子位置精度达到99%,稳态误差为0.000 2 mm。神经网络滑模控制可以实现MSCMG转子系统的高精度位置控制。     

基于RBF网络滑模的电动助力制动系统液压力控制

针对汽车电动助力制动系统（Electro-booster，EBooster）的液压力控制中液压负载的非线性和不一致性问题，提出一种基于径向基函数（Radial based function，RBF）神经网络的滑模变结构控制方法。设计EBooster系统压力控制架构，建立液压制动系统等效结构简化模型，据此设计基于RBF网络滑模变结构的液压力控制方法，通过设计RBF网络的自适应律来实现系统滑模控制参数的自适应调整，并利用李雅普诺夫函数方法分析算法的稳定性。最后搭建电动助力制动系统的快速原型试验平台来验证算法的有效性。试验结果表明，采用RBF神经网络滑模变结构的控制策略对电动助力制动系统液压力的控制误差在2%以内，具有良好的控制效果。研究成果为EBooster系统的压力控制提出一种具有良好自适应性的算法设计思路。